加味济生肾气汤对STZ诱导的糖尿病肾病大鼠足细胞及其自噬的影响＊

目的 探究加味济生肾气汤对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏足细胞和自噬作用的影响，为糖尿病肾病的中药治疗奠定一定基础。方法 将66只SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分成对照组，模型组，羟苯磺酸钙组，加味济生肾气汤低、中、高剂量组。造模后，各组分别以生理盐水，羟苯磺酸钙，1 mL/kg/d、4 mL/kg/d、10 mL/kg/d药物浓度的加味济生肾气汤处理。6周后，取大鼠肾脏，电镜观察肾脏足细胞形态；免疫组化检测Nephrin的表达；Western blot检测LC3II/I和P62的表达。结果 模型组大鼠肾小球基底膜可见显著增厚，足细胞排列较紊乱，数目减少，足突融合，在加味济生肾气汤中剂量组和高剂量组中上述症状得以缓解；与对照组比较，模型组大鼠肾组织中的Nephrin水平均明显降低，LC3II/I比值显著下降，P62水平显著升高。与模型组比较，加味济生肾气汤高剂量组大鼠肾组织中的Nephrin水平均明显升高，LC3II/I比值均显著升高，P62水平显著降低（P < 0.05）。结论 加味济生肾气汤通过提高自噬水平，减少足突发生融合，提高肾脏的过滤功能。     

生化汤加味促进剖宫产后子宫复旧随机对照试验的系统评价及Meta分析＊

目的 对生化汤加味促进剖宫产后子宫复旧的有效性与安全性进行系统评价，为其在临床应用提供循证医学证据。方法 检索中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国知网（CNKI）、万方资源数据库（WanFang）、维普期刊数据库（VIP）、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science等，检索时限为建库至2020年7月，选择生化汤加味促进剖宫产后子宫复旧的随机对照试验（RCT），采用Cochrane系统评价员手册提供的偏倚风险评估工具进行文献质量评价，应用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入12篇RCT文献，共计1804例剖宫产产妇；Meta分析结果显示，生化汤加味联合缩宫素组在产后第1、3、5天子宫底高度［MD = -0.75，95%CI（-1.35， -0.15），P < 0.00001；MD = -1.92，95%CI（-3.13， -0.72），P < 0.00001；MD = -1.92，95%CI（-3.79， -0.06），P < 0.00001］低于单用缩宫素组，联合用药组血性恶露时间［MD = -1.52，95%CI（-2.71，-0.34），P < 0.00001］和产后恶露持续时间［MD = -4.47，95%CI（-6.20，-2.75），P < 0.00001］均短于单用缩宫素组。结论 生化汤加味联合缩宫素与单用缩宫素比较，更能促进产后子宫复旧；不良反应少，报道的仅有4例出现轻微腹泻，安全性较高；但由于纳入文献质量较低，上述结论尚需更多的随机对照临床研究加以证实。     

Helicobacter pylori induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric carcinogenesis via the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a main risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the development and progression of H. pylori-associated GC. However, the exact molecular mechanism of this process remains unclear. The AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway has been demonstrated to promote EMT in several types of cancer. The present study investigated whether H. pylori infection induced EMT, and promoted the development and metastasis of cancer in the normal gastric mucosa, and whether this process was dependent on AKT activation. The expression levels of the EMT-associated proteins, including E-cadherin and N-cadherin, were determined in 165 gastric mucosal samples of different disease stages by immunohistochemical analysis. The expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, AKT, phosphorylated (p-)AKT (Ser473), GSK3β and p-GSK3β (Ser9) were further determined in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbil gastric tissues and cells co-cultured with H. pylori by immunohistochemical analysis and western blotting. The results indicated that the expression levels of the epithelial marker E-cadherin were decreased, whereas the expression levels of the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin were increased during gastric carcinogenesis. Their expression levels were associated with H. pylori infection. Furthermore, H. pylori infection resulted in downregulation of E-cadherin expression and upregulation of N-cadherin expression in Mongolian gerbils and GES-1 cells. In addition, an investigation of the associated mechanism of action revealed that p-AKT (Ser473) and p-GSK3β (Ser9) were activated in GES-1 cells following co-culture with H. pylori. Furthermore, following pretreatment of the cells with the AKT inhibitor VIII, the expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, p-AKT and p-GSK3β did not show significant differences between GES-1 cells that were co-cultured with or without H. pylori. The levels of p-AKT and p-GSK3β were increased in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that H. pylori infection activated AKT and resulted in the phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3β, which in turn promoted early stage EMT. These effects were AKT-dependent. This mechanism may serve as a prerequisite for GC development.     

淋巴瘤与转移淋巴结的超声弹性成像特征及其临床价值

目的:探讨淋巴瘤与转移淋巴结的超声弹性成像特征及其临床价值。方法:选取2017年7月至2019年2月我院收治的浅表淋巴结肿大的患者118例，其中淋巴瘤与转移淋巴结各59例，进行超声弹性成像，比较淋巴瘤组淋巴结和转移组淋巴结常规超声参数、弹性评分和弹性应变率比值。结果:淋巴瘤组长径、短径、长短径比值均大于转移组，淋巴瘤组淋巴门结构消失率低于转移组，淋巴瘤组淋巴结弹性评分及弹性应变率比值均低于转移组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；以SR 2.51为截断值，弹性成像诊断淋巴瘤的敏感性、特异性分别为74.58%、89.83%。结论:弹性成像能够提供组织硬度信息，通过弹性评分及弹性应变率比值，结合常规超声图像，能够为淋巴瘤及转移淋巴结的鉴别诊断提供可靠依据，具有一定的临床应用价值。     

The Fruits of Xanthium sibiricum Patr: A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, and Toxicity

In recent years, drug development and research have gradually shifted from chemicalsynthesisto biopharmaceutical and natural drugs. Natural medicines, such as traditional Chinese medicine, have been among the first studied because of their long medicinal history, simplicity, and the relatively low cost of research. Among them, Xanthii Fructus (XF) is famous for the treatment of sinusitis. In this article, the achievements of research on XF from 1953 to 2020 are systematically reviewed, focusing on the aspects of chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, clinical applications, toxicity and side effects, and processing methods. To date, there have been significant advancesin both the phytochemistry and pharmacology of XF. Some traditional uses have been validated and clarified in modern pharmacologicalstudies. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of allergic diseases has not been satisfactorily explained. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to rationally develop new drugs and to elucidate the therapeutic potential of XF. A comprehensive evaluation of XF and an understanding of network pharmacology are also needed.     

气不摄血证免疫性血小板减少症患者血管活性物质及相关炎症因子变化与临床意义

目的 本研究旨在探讨气不摄血证免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者血管活性物质及相关炎症因子在ITP发病中的作用及其临床意义。方法 气不摄血证ITP患者30例（ITP组），根据2016版ITP出血评分量表,分为未出血组、低危组（≤2分）及高危组（＞2分），健康正常人20例（对照组）。酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测外周血血管活性物质一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）及内皮素-1（ET-1）含量，AimPlex流式高通量技术检测外周血血管活性物质VEGF-A,VEGF-D及相关炎症因子IL-8,IL-10,IL-17A以及TNF-α含量。结果 与对照组相比较，气不摄血证ITP患者NOS、VEGF-A及IL-10含量显著降低（P＜0.05)，ET-1、IL-8、IL-17A以及TNF-α含量显著升高（P＜0.05)。同时，气不摄血证ITP患者中，高危组ET-1含量显著高于未出血组（P＜0.05），ET-1、VEGF-A含量与气不摄血证ITP患者出血显著相关（OR=1.012,95%CI:0.92-1.31；OR=1.065, CI:0.98-1.22,P＜0.05)。结论 血管活性物质及相关炎症因子在气不摄血证ITP患者的发病过程中具有重要作用，ET-1、VEGF-A可能是反应气不摄血证ITP患者出血风险的重要客观指标。     

Long Noncoding RNA WEE2-AS1 Plays an Oncogenic Role in Glioblastoma by Functioning as a Molecular Sponge for MicroRNA-520f-3p

The long noncoding RNA WEE2 antisense RNA 1 (WEE2-AS1) plays an oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma and triple negative breast cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the expression and roles of WEE2-AS1 in glioblastoma (GBM). Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms behind the oncogenic actions of WEE2-AS1 in GBM cells were explored in detail. WEE2-AS1 expression was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The roles of WEE2-AS1 in GBM cells were evaluated by the cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometric analysis, Transwell cell migration and invasion assays, and tumor xenograft experiments. WEE2-AS1 expression was evidently enhanced in GBM tissues and cell lines compared with their normal counterparts. An increased level of WEE2-AS1 was correlated with the average tumor diameter, Karnofsky Performance Scale score, and shorter overall survival among GBM patients. Functionally, depleted WEE2-AS1 attenuated GBM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, promoted cell apoptosis, and impaired tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, WEE2-AS1 functioned as a molecular sponge for microRNA- 520f-3p (miR-520f-3p) and consequently increased specificity protein 1 (SP1) expression in GBM cells. A series of recovery experiments revealed that the inhibition of miR-520f-3p and upregulation of SP1 could partially abrogate the influences of WEE2-AS1 downregulation on GBM cells. In conclusion, WEE2-AS1 can adsorb miR-520f-3p to increase endogenous SP1 expression, thereby facilitating the malignancy of GBM. Therefore, targeting the WEE2-AS1–miR-520f-3p–SP1 pathway might be a promising therapy for the management of GBM in the future.     

HPV检测原发灶不明颈淋巴结转移癌的诊断作用初探(附6例报告)

目的 初步探讨HPV检测在诊断原发灶不明的颈淋巴结转移性鳞癌中的价值。方法 收集复旦大学附属肿瘤医院6例首诊为原发灶不明的颈淋巴结转移性鳞癌,最终确诊为HPV相关口咽鳞癌,分析确诊过程。结果 首诊时6例患者均被确诊为颈淋巴结转移性鳞癌,且p16表达阳性和HPV-16亚型阳性,而EBER表达阴性。经全面检查均未发现明显的原发病灶。随后对其中4例予同侧扁桃体盲检(2例)和切除(2例),病理均证实为扁桃体鳞癌。另2例分别在随访第149天、545天MRI检查发现同侧口咽侧壁和舌根增厚伴强化,经活检分别证实为扁桃体鳞癌、舌根鳞癌。结论 对于原发灶不明的HPV阳性颈淋巴结转移性鳞癌,应高度怀疑原发病灶来源于口咽部位的可能性,特别是扁桃体和舌根部位。     

中期18F-FDG PET-CT两种图像判读法在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤预后评估中的应用

目的:探讨中期正电子发射型计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography-computed tomography,PET-CT)Deauville五分法(Deauville five-point scale,5-PS)与最大标准摄取值缩减率(maximum standard uptake value variation,△SUVmax)两种图像判读法在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)患者预后评估中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2012年10月至2018年6月重庆医科大学附属第一医院收治的94例DLBCL患者资料。采用Kaplan-Meier法及Cox比例风险回归模型进行生存资料分析,计算并采用χ2检验比较5-PS和△SUVmax对DLBCL患者预后预测的能力。结果:5-PS和△SUVmax分别以4分、86%进行分组。5-PS<4分组、△SUVmax≥86%组的患者无进展生存期(progression free survival,PFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)均优于5-PS≥4分组、△SUVmax<86%组的患者(P<0.05)。△SUVmax与5-PS对患者PFS和OS均有影响,较高的阴性预测值(89.4%,93.6%;76.1%,85.9%),较低的阳性预测值(48.9%,31.9%;47.8%,34.8%),并且△SUVmax对于患者的敏感性优于5-PS(82.1%,83.3%vs.39.3%,44.4%)。单因素分析中国际预后指数(international prognostic index,IPI)(P=0.007)、△SUVmax(P<0.001)、5-PS(P=0.014)及基线全身肿瘤代谢体积(total metabolic tumor volume,TMTV)(P=0.001)与PFS相关,△SUVmax(P=0.014)、5-PS(P=0.033)、TMTV(P=0.004)与OS相关;多因素分析显示TMTV是OS的独立预测因子(P=0.005),△SUVmax和TMTV是PFS的独立预测因子(P=0.002,P=0.020),并且△SUVmax<86%且高水平TMTV患者较低TMTV患者的PFS明显缩短(P=0.001)。结论:5-PS和△SUVmax均能初步评估DLBCL患者预后,但△SUVmax具有更高的预测价值,并且联合基线TMTV可以对DLBCL患者进行再次危险度分层。